How excessive use of fertilizers cause eutrophication?

Excessive use of fertilizers leads to eutrophication when nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, leach into waterways through runoff. This nutrient overload stimulates rapid algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water as the algae die and decompose. The resulting hypoxic conditions can harm aquatic life, leading to dead zones where fish and other organisms cannot survive. This disruption of aquatic ecosystems can have far-reaching environmental and economic impacts.