What African empires that were ruled by Muslims?

Several notable African empires were ruled by Muslims, including the Mali Empire, which reached its peak in the 14th century under Mansa Musa, known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca. The Songhai Empire succeeded Mali and became one of the largest empires in African history, promoting trade and Islamic scholarship. Additionally, the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties played significant roles in North Africa, spreading Islam and influencing the region's culture and politics.