What is the medical term meaning food poisoning?

gastroenteritis
Foodborne diseases, foodborne illness, foodborne infections, foodborne intoxication.

There are specific names for the illnesses caused by specific microbes. Some examples are

* Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella

* Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum * CampylobacteriOSis caused by Campylobacter * Giardosis caused by Giardia.