Why did factoriews pay such low wages?

Factories often paid low wages due to a combination of factors, including high labor supply, which allowed employers to pay less without losing workers. The demand for cost-cutting measures to maximize profits also contributed, as companies sought to minimize expenses. Additionally, the lack of labor regulations and the prevalence of unskilled labor meant that workers had limited bargaining power. This created a cycle where low wages were both a norm and a strategy for maintaining competitiveness in the market.