Why did anti-sentisim lead millions of Jews to leave Europe?

Anti-Semitism, characterized by pervasive discrimination, violence, and persecution against Jews, created an increasingly hostile environment in Europe, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Factors such as the Dreyfus Affair in France, pogroms in Eastern Europe, and the rise of nationalist movements fueled fears for safety and security among Jewish communities. As a result, millions sought refuge in countries like the United States and Palestine, driven by the hope for a more stable and accepting environment. Ultimately, the escalating threats culminated in the Holocaust, further intensifying the urgency for emigration.