Why Phosphorussulphur and chlorine are electronegative elements of the periodic table?

Phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are considered electronegative elements because they have a strong tendency to attract electrons towards themselves in a chemical bond. This property is largely due to their high effective nuclear charge and relatively small atomic radii, which allow them to exert a greater pull on bonding electrons. Additionally, their position in the Periodic Table, particularly in groups 15, 16, and 17, correlates with increasing electronegativity as one moves from left to right across a period. These elements tend to form polar covalent bonds and gain electrons during chemical reactions, further demonstrating their electronegativity.