How does the echo work?

An echo occurs when sound waves reflect off a surface and return to the listener after a delay. When you produce a sound, it travels through the air until it encounters a barrier, such as a wall or a cliff. The sound waves bounce back from the surface, allowing the original sound to be heard again, but typically at a lower intensity and slightly delayed. The time it takes for the echo to return depends on the distance to the reflecting surface and the speed of sound in the medium.