- Metals are the most obvious example. Electrical conductivity in a copper wire is the result of electrons flowing along an electrical conductor as is the case with DC, with AC the electrons oscillate back and forth and hence have a period that can be moDELLed using trigonometry.
- Ionic solutions can conduct electricity. This involves solutions of ions that can carry a current between two potentials by virtue of being charged. This is how sodium chloride dissolved in water will increase its conductivity.
- Ionic liquids can conduct electricity, much in the same way as ionic solutions. The difference lies in the fact that these ions are not dissolved in a solvent but exist as chsrged ions in the liquid state.
- Solid state ionic conductorst can conduct by mechanisms that involve ions passing through channels in the solids crystal lattice.
- A Plasma Gas can conduct electricity as their electrons are delocalised from their atomic orbitals and consequently can move independently of the nucleus.
- Some minerals such as the Perovskite class can conduct electricity, most famously the cuperate high temperature super conductors are perovskite minerals.
- Semimetals such as graphite will conduct, electrons delocalised into the unhybridized P orbitals are responsible.
- Semiconductors and compound semiconductors can conduct electricity. An example would be Gallium Arsenide
- Certain nanomaterials conduct electricity such as certain types of carbon nanotubes.
add. But conductivity can also refer to sound and vibration waves, and to thermal energy.
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