Why do leaves curl up and shrivel?

Leaves curl up and shrivel primarily due to water loss, often caused by environmental stressors like drought, high temperatures, or insufficient humidity. This physiological response helps reduce the surface area exposed to the sun, minimizing further water evaporation. Additionally, pest infestations or diseases can also lead to leaf curling as the plant struggles to maintain its health and vitality. In some cases, nutrient deficiencies can contribute to this condition as well.