What is the name given to a male and a female cattle?

Males used for breeding are called bulls. Mature females are called cows (whereas immature females are known as heifers) and their young are called calves (singular is "calf").

Males that are castrated are called steers.
Male = Bull

Female = Cow

Young = Calf

A young female before she has calved the second time is called a heifer (pronounced heffer) after the second calf she is matured and therefore referred to as "a Cow"