How is carbonic acid formed in the body and what role does it play in physiological processes?

Carbonic acid is formed in the body when carbon dioxide (CO2) combines with water (H2O) in the presence of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase. This reaction produces carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates into hydrogen ions (H) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Carbonic acid plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance by helping to regulate pH levels in the blood and tissues. It also helps transport carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs for exhalation, and plays a role in maintaining electrolyte balance and kidney function.