What processes affect allele frequencies in population?

1) Mutation * Replication error * Change in DNA sequence: * ** A) Harmful B) Benign C) Beneficial (rare) 2) Migration * Movement from one population to another * ** success depends on ability to survive and breed * Gamete transport * Gene flow-reduce number of differences in populations 3) Genetic drift * Loss of alleles * ** maybe result of drastic event * Isolation * Founder Effect * one or few individuals carrying alleles those individuals interbreed * Bottleneck Effect * ** loss of alleles: less genetic variability 4) Nonrandom mating: increases homozygotes in population 5) Selection: survival of the fittest