The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a substance can be calculated using the formula: E = mcΔT, where E is the energy, m is the mass (2 kg), c is the specific heat capacity (835 J/kg°C), and ΔT is the change in temperature (50°C - 40°C = 10°C).
Plugging in the values: E = 2 kg * 835 J/kg°C * 10°C = 16700 J.
Therefore, 16,700 J of energy must be added to the 2-kg pile of sand to increase its temperature from 40°C to 50°C.
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