Which ancient countries used tariffs?

Ancient countries such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Rome employed tariffs as a means of regulating trade and generating revenue. In Egypt, tariffs were applied to goods entering and leaving the country, while Mesopotamian city-states imposed taxes on traders passing through their territories. Similarly, the Roman Empire implemented tariffs to control trade and protect local industries. These early forms of taxation on trade helped governments manage economic resources and fostered commerce within their regions.