What measurable respiratory volumes would likely be exaggerated in a person who has smoked a lot over twenty years?

In a person who has smoked heavily for twenty years, the measurable respiratory volumes that would likely be exaggerated include the total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV). Chronic smoking can lead to emphysema, which causes the air sacs to lose elasticity, trapping air in the lungs and increasing these volumes. Additionally, functional residual capacity (FRC) may also be elevated due to the inability to fully exhale.