Where does a router store its configuration in the long term?

A router stores its configuration in the long term in a non-volatile memory called NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory). This memory retains the configuration data even when the router is powered off. When the router is booted, it typically loads the configuration from NVRAM to the running memory (RAM) for operational use. Additionally, configurations can also be saved to external storage or backed up on a network server.