How do you load and unload single barrel 12 ga shotgun old around 1900s?

To load a single-barrel 12-gauge shotgun from the early 1900s, first, open the action by breaking the barrel down, then insert a shotgun shell into the chamber. Close the action securely to ensure the shell is properly seated. To unload, open the action again to extract the spent shell, either by hand or using an extractor if equipped. Always ensure the firearm is pointed in a safe direction during this process.