What were the short term and long term causes of the Sepoy mutiny?

The short-term causes of the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 included the immediate grievances of Indian soldiers, or sepoys, such as the introduction of the Enfield rifle, which required the use of animal fat in its cartridges, offending both Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments. Additionally, widespread discontent with British policies, including pay disparities and lack of respect for Indian customs, fueled resentment. Long-term causes involved growing nationalism and resentment towards British colonial rule, economic exploitation, and social reforms that undermined traditional Indian society. These factors culminated in a widespread uprising against British authority.