What are the design principles in Leonardo's painting the 'Last Supper'?

In Leonardo da vinci's 'Last Supper,' key design principles include balance, perspective, and harmony. The use of linear perspective directs the viewer's gaze toward Christ at the center, emphasizing his significance. The arrangement of the apostles creates a sense of dynamic movement, with each figure conveying distinct emotional responses. Additionally, the use of light and shadow enhances the three-dimensionality of the figures, contributing to the overall unity of the composition.