Is 'Calogero' translated from Italian to English as 'Charles'?

No, Calogero is not translated from Italian to English as "Charles." The former masculine proper noun -- pronounced "KA-lo-DJEY-ro" -- originates in the Greek name Καλόγερος (Kalògheros, "good old man," "handsome old man") whereas the latter -- translated into Italian as Carlo (pronounced "KAR-lo") -- traces its origins back to the Germanic Word karlaz ("free man").