What is the function of melanin in the skin and how does it contribute to skin coloration and protection?

Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the skin. It serves as a natural sunscreen by absorbing and scattering harmful UV radiation from the sun, protecting the skin from damage. The amount and type of melanin in the skin determine its coloration, with higher levels resulting in darker skin tones. This pigment also helps to regulate skin temperature and prevent DNA damage caused by UV exposure.