Why did many slaves die during the middle pssage voyage from Africa to the Americas?

Many slaves died during the Middle Passage due to brutal and inhumane conditions aboard slave ships. Overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and lack of proper sanitation led to the spread of diseases, while malnutrition weakened their health. Additionally, physical abuse and high mortality rates from suicide or despair contributed to the tragic loss of life during the voyage. These factors combined created a horrific environment that resulted in significant fatalities among enslaved Africans.