How did Karl Marx Marx's explain the relationship between the substructure to his ideas on the superstructure in his model of class struggle?

Karl Marx posited that the substructure, or economic base, consists of the means of production and the relations of production, which fundamentally shape society. This economic foundation influences the superstructure, including culture, ideology, and politics, which reflect and serve the interests of the ruling class. Marx argued that class struggle arises from the conflicts between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (capitalist class), driving social change and historical development. Thus, the dynamics of the substructure directly inform and influence the nature and evolution of the superstructure.