After World War I, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled, leading to the establishment of several successor states. The Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 aimed to partition the empire, granting territories to Greece, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom. However, this treaty faced resistance, culminating in the Turkish War of Independence, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The remaining territories were redefined, significantly altering the political landscape of the Middle East and the Balkans.
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