During the age of 19th century imperialism the economies of colonies were often changed from subsistence economies to economies based on?

During the 19th century Imperialism, the economies of colonies were often transformed from subsistence economies to economies based on cash crops and raw material production. Colonizers prioritized the extraction of resources like rubber, cotton, and minerals for export, which disrupted traditional agricultural practices. This shift aimed to integrate colonies into global markets, often leading to economic dependency and altering local livelihoods. Consequently, local populations frequently faced exploitation and significant socio-economic challenges.