The Apache raids on pueblos in the late 17th century created a climate of instability and fear in the region, contributing to the challenges faced by Spanish colonial authorities. When Diego de Vargas took over New Mexico in 1692, he aimed to re-establish Spanish control following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, which had temporarily expelled the Spanish. Vargas sought to secure alliances with the pueblos against the Apache threat while reasserting Spanish dominance in the area. His strategies included negotiating peace and offering protection to the pueblos, thereby leveraging the existing tensions with the Apache to solidify Spanish authority.
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