The thermosphere is typically divided into two main layers: the ionosphere and the exosphere. The ionosphere, which extends from about 30 miles (48 kilometers) to about 600 miles (965 kilometers) above the Earth's surface, is characterized by the presence of ionized particles that can reflect radio waves. Above the ionosphere lies the exosphere, which begins around 600 miles (965 kilometers) and extends to about 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers), where the atmosphere gradually fades into outer space and is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.
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