Who is to blame for chernobyl?

The Chernobyl disaster is primarily attributed to a combination of human error and systemic flaws in the Soviet nuclear power program. Operators conducted an unsafe test without proper safety protocols, leading to a reactor explosion. Additionally, the design of the RBMK reactor had inherent vulnerabilities, and a culture of secrecy and inadequate training contributed to the disaster. While specific individuals were held accountable, the broader institutional failures played a significant role in the catastrophe.