What are the applications of karyotyping?

Karyotyping is used primarily to detect chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. It is also employed in prenatal screening to assess the chromosomal health of a fetus. Additionally, karyotyping aids in cancer diagnostics by identifying specific chromosomal changes associated with various tumors. Lastly, it can be used in fertility treatments to evaluate the chromosomal integrity of gametes.