Do State governments have plenary power over public education?

Yes, state governments have plenary power over public education, meaning they have broad authority to regulate and control educational systems within their jurisdictions. This power is derived from the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which reserves to the states all powers not specifically granted to the federal government. States establish educational policies, curricula, funding, and governance structures, allowing them to tailor education to the needs of their populations. However, state education systems must still comply with Federal Laws and regulations, particularly concerning civil rights and funding.