What is the name of the sacred book containing these five basic duties?

The sacred book containing the five basic duties is the "Qur'an." In Islam, these duties are often referred to as the Five Pillars of Islam, which include the declaration of faith (Shahada), prayer (Salah), almsgiving (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The Qur'an serves as the central religious text, guiding Muslims in their beliefs and practices.