These genotypes are determined by a human's 23rd pair of chromosomes. If the subject is female, she has two X's reading XX. If it is male, then his genotype will read XY. There is a 50-50 shot of each. This is because a woman donates one chromosome (she only has two X's so it is inevitable that she will donate an X), and a man donates one of his. If a man donates his 'X' then there will be two X's and the child will be female. If he donates his 'Y' then the child will be male.
Male is XY, female is XX. There are, however, other genotypes (XXY, XXX, XO...) and not all people have a phenotype that goes with their genotype.
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