Was Marcus Garvey violent

Marcus Garvey is often associated with a strong advocacy for Black nationalism and self-determination, but he is not typically characterized as violent. His approach was primarily focused on uplifting Black communities through economic independence and the establishment of a separate nation for African Americans in Africa. While he promoted self-defense against racial violence, he did not endorse violence as a primary means of achieving his goals. Garvey’s methods included organizing massive rallies, founding the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and promoting the Back to Africa movement, emphasizing peaceful means over violent confrontation.