When America was in the midst of what came to be called the "Cold War," the fear was that Communism was spreading throughout the world. President Harry Truman pledged that we would defend, with military or economic aid, any country that was under threat from a Communist takeover. This was known as the Truman Doctrine, and it was first articulated in 1947 when the president pledged to defend Greece and Turkey.
At the time, most Americans probably did not question it, since the public attitude tended to be very fearful of the Soviet Union's desire for expansion. Communism was portrayed as a totalitarian and atheistic philosophy that should be resisted before it took over the world.
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