When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea, which bends (refracts) the light to help focus it. Next, the light travels through the aqueous humor and then through the pupil, the opening in the iris that regulates the amount of light entering. After that, the light is further refracted by the lens, which fine-tunes the focus onto the retina at the back of the eye. Finally, photoreceptor cells in the retina convert the light into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to perceive the image.
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