How is the modern Department of Defense different from the old Department of War?

The modern Department of Defense (DoD) differs from the old Department of War in its scope, structure, and strategic approach. Established in 1947, the DoD integrates the Army, Navy, Air Force, and other military branches under a unified command to enhance coordination and effectiveness in national defense. Unlike the Department of War, which primarily focused on land-based military operations, the DoD emphasizes a comprehensive approach to security, including cyber defense, intelligence, and global military readiness. Additionally, the DoD operates within a framework that prioritizes multi-domain operations and international cooperation.