What conditions constitute a disability under human rights law?

Under human rights law, a disability is typically defined as a physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment that, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder an individual's full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. This broad definition encompasses a range of conditions, including but not limited to mobility impairments, cognitive disabilities, and chronic health issues. Importantly, the focus is on the interaction between the individual's impairment and societal barriers, highlighting the role of discrimination and exclusion in defining disability. International instruments like the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) emphasize the need for inclusion and accessibility to ensure equal rights for individuals with disabilities.