What civilization did democracy and justice come from?

Some primitive societies were democratic, with the adult men, or just the elders, making important decisions for the tribe. The advent of civilisation led to hierarchical rule, with kings often answerable to no one. There are several examples of a partial return to democracy in the first millennium BCE.

Athens is famous for its invention of democracy, although of course, this did not extend to women or slaves.

Rome threw off its early kings, to form a republic. This was not truly democratic, as only the upper classes had any authority. However, there were stirrings towards a wider franchise, before Julius Caesar took over as dictator and most power became centralised in the emperor.

The French Revolution both awakened renewed interest in democracy and fear of it. Universal male suffrage was adopted under the First Republic in 1792.

New Zealand granted women the right to vote in 1893.

Britain is famous for the Magna Carta, which enshrined inalienable rights, although these tended to be applied to the nobles rather than to common people. In fact, the Magna Carta probably restored some of the rights than had previously existed under Saxon rule, before William the Conqueror. Rights under 'common law' also originate from Britain, although these can be extinguished by Acts of Parliament or Congress. The French Napoleonic Code provides parallel rights and had been adopted by the continental nations of Europe.