,
This is a very difficult question to answer with any certainty.
Initially, about 500,000 were produced in and for Russia. In 1930, the rifles were improved to the 1891/30 designation.
Production continued through 1943 or 1944, with about 17.5 million being produced during World War II alone.
This does not take into account the carbine variations or those produced by other countries.
My best estimate would be that there were on the order of 50 million produced. This is, however, conservative.
The real answer is that nobody really knows, and it's almost impossible to tell how many still survive.
Regards,
Josh Smith
Smith-Sights.com
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