How does the Constitution both empower and limit the federal government?

The Constitution empowers the federal government by granting it specific enumerated powers, such as the ability to regulate interstate commerce, levy taxes, and maintain a military, which are essential for governance and national cohesion. However, it also limits federal authority through checks and balances, the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and the Bill of Rights, which guarantees individual liberties and restricts governmental overreach. This dual role ensures that while the government can act effectively, it must also respect the rights of states and individuals.