What is shallow penetration in welding?

Shallow penetration in welding refers to a welding technique where the heat input leads to a limited depth of fusion between the base materials. This method is often used to minimize distortion, control heat-affected zones, and prevent burn-through in thin materials. It typically results in a weld bead that has a broader profile but does not penetrate deeply into the base metal, making it suitable for applications where a strong joint is not solely dependent on depth.