The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.903 J/g°C. To calculate the energy required, use the formula: Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change. Convert 3 kg to grams (3000g) and calculate the energy required: 3000g x 0.903 J/g°C x (23°C - 18°C) = 13554 J or 13.5 kJ.
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