Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells utilize DNA as the genetic material and rely on similar fundamental processes for gene expression, including transcription and translation. In both cell types, transcription involves the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template, and translation involves the assembly of amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of the mRNA. Additionally, both types of cells utilize ribosomes to facilitate the translation process. Despite differences in complexity and regulation, these core mechanisms of gene expression are conserved across prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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