How does SONAR works in submarine?

SONAR, or Sound Navigation and Ranging, works in submarines by emitting sound waves into the water and listening for their echoes. When the sound waves hit an object, such as another submarine or the seafloor, they bounce back to the submarine's sonar system. By measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return, the submarine can determine the distance and size of the object. This technology enables submarines to navigate, communicate, and detect other vessels or underwater terrain even in complete darkness.