How does milankovitch theory explain climate changes?

Milankovitch theory explains climate changes primarily through variations in Earth's orbit and axial tilt, which affect the distribution and intensity of sunlight received by the planet. These variations occur in cycles, including changes in eccentricity (shape of the orbit), axial tilt (obliquity), and precession (wobble of Earth's axis), influencing glacial and interglacial periods. As these orbital parameters shift over tens of thousands of years, they can lead to significant changes in climate, contributing to the onset and retreat of ice ages. Thus, Milankovitch cycles play a crucial role in understanding long-term climate patterns.