What volcanic materials that erupted from the Indonesian volcano Mount Tambora caused crop failure and famine in Europe and the US?

The volcanic materials that erupted from Mount Tambora in 1815 included vast quantities of ash and sulfur dioxide, which were ejected into the atmosphere. These particles caused significant atmospheric cooling and altered weather patterns, leading to the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. This climatic disruption resulted in widespread crop failures across Europe and the United States, ultimately leading to famine and food shortages. The eruption is often cited as one of the most powerful in recorded history, having global climatic effects.