Homologous chromosomes (also called homologs or homologues) are chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.
In meiOSis I, the chromosomes are duplicated first then the homologous pairs separate together. Sections of the DNA can sometimes cross over between homologous pairs.
Later, during MeiOSis II, these pairs are separated into the gametes with only one of each pair.
If you said there was only one chromosome, you are thinking of the final result of meiOSis.
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