What do you call a person who is made to bear the blame of others?

This person is called a "goat" or "scapegoat" - in reference to the goat in Leviticus 16 upon which the sins of the people were symbolically placed before it was released into the wilderness. This person may also be "the fall guy" or "the whipping boy". We also sometimes refer to placing the blame on someone else as "throwing them under the bus".