After proteins synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi modifies, sorts, and packages these proteins for their specific destinations. This can involve adding carbohydrate groups (glycosylation), phosphorylating certain amino acids, or cleaving precursor proteins into their active forms. The Golgi then sends the processed proteins to various locations, such as the cell membrane, lysosomes, or extracellular space, via additional vesicles. This ensures that proteins reach their functional sites accurately and efficiently.
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