Who benefited from Trans-Atlantic Trade and Mercantilism and how did they benefit?

Trans-Atlantic Trade and Mercantilism primarily benefited European colonial powers, such as Britain, France, and Spain, as they extracted resources and wealth from their colonies. These nations profited through the establishment of trade monopolies, which allowed them to control the flow of goods like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, maximizing their economic gain. Additionally, merchants and shipbuilders in Europe prospered from the increased demand for ships and trade routes. Meanwhile, enslaved Africans were exploited for labor in the colonies, contributing to the wealth of these nations at a tremendous human cost.